The Numismatic Collection of the Archaeological Museum of Istria represents a reference collection for the study of the economy and monetary history of the Istrian peninsula. It was created through archaeological research, donations, and purchases, and today it includes more than 7,000 specimens of paper and metal currency. The collection is continuously supplemented, which increases its scientific and museological significance.

Chronologically, the collection covers the period from pre-Roman to modern times. The oldest coins belong to the Greco-Hellenistic and, to a lesser extent, the Celtic period. The most numerous and most represented are Roman coins, which cover the time frame from the Republic to late antiquity and the fall of the Empire. Byzantine, medieval, Venetian, and modern era specimens are also represented.

The scope of the collection includes the collection, analysis, protection, and presentation of currency issues that circulated in Istria over the centuries. Special emphasis is placed on the context of the find, i.e., provenance, which allows for a deeper understanding of the economic and political processes on the peninsula.
Among the most important sites is the locality of Čentur near Koper, where a hoard of about 26,000 late antique coins was found. Although most of the hoard has been dispersed, more than 2,000 specimens are kept in the Archaeological Museum of Istria. This is the largest known hoard of its kind in the region, and its importance is due to the fact that it clearly reflects the complex social and economic circumstances of late antiquity. The scientific processing of this hoard provides valuable insights into the economic history of the northern Adriatic.